During the fasting window, stick to zero-calorie fluids like water, black coffee, and plain tea; during the eating window, prioritise balanced, nutrient-dense meals.
The USDA Dietary Guidelines recommend building meals around vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Breaking a fast with these instead of refined sugar helps avoid a rapid blood-sugar spike.
Generally safe during a fast:
- Water and sparkling water
- Black coffee and unsweetened tea
Best saved for the eating window:
- Protein such as eggs, fish, and legumes to help preserve muscle
- Fiber-rich vegetables and whole grains
The American Heart Association advises limiting added sugars and sodium regardless of when you eat.